Integration by substitution

Multisensory integration, sensory substitution and visual rehabilitation.

Sensory substitution has advanced remarkably over the past 35 years since first introduced to the scientific literature by Paul Bach-y-Rita. In this issue dedicated to his memory, we describe a collection of reviews that assess the current state of neuroscience research on sensory substitution, visual rehabilitation, and multisensory processes.

Using WordNet synonym substitution to enhance UMLS source integration

OBJECTIVE Synonym-substitution algorithms have been developed for the purpose of matching source vocabulary terms with existing Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) terms during the integration process. A drawback is the possible explosion in the number of newly generated (potential) synonyms, which can tax computational and expert review resources. Experiments are run using a synonym-substit...

bioactivity enhancement of hydroxyapatite by silicon substitution

objective: silicon is an effective element in bone biomineralization; hence si-substituted hydroxyapatite can be a relevant bioceramic as bone materials substitution. materials and methods: stoichiometric hydroxyapatite (ha) and si-substituted hydroxyapatite (si-ha) with different contents of si substitution were synthesized successfully by a hydrothermal method using ca(no3)2, (nh4)3po4 or (n...

A Numerical Integration Method by Using Generalized Series of Functions

Optically active calixarenes conduced by methylene substitution.

The first method for the synthesis of optically active calix[4]arenes that are chiral as a result of substitution on the methylene bridges is described. The key step in the synthesis involves the reaction of a biscarbene complex with a diyne, which generates two of the benzene rings and the macrocyclic ring of the calix in a single transformation. The utility of this triple annulation process i...